Engineering review by Liu, KRL Power R&D Director—20 years of C&I energy-storage engineering experience, formerly in Huawei R&D.
Ifektri yokutyhila eBangladesh idinga inkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri to keep 900 kW of critical production load operating for four hours after a utility outage. The factory’s maximum demand is 1,553 kW. It already has a 200 kW Huawei AC-coupled PV system, plans to add 700 kW of solar, receives utility power at 33 kV, and has a 1,500 kVA gas generator plus a 50 kVA diesel generator.
Le yisicelo esigqwesileyo se-microgrid ye-solar-storage-generator, kodwa isisombululo asinakukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwi-MWh nje kuphela. I-KRL kufuneka yahlule amandla abhalwe kwibhetri kumandla e-AC anokusetyenziswa, yahlukanise ibhasi yendlela yokuvelisa ebalulekileyo, iqinisekise indlela i-inverter ye-PV ekhoyo eziphethe ngayo ngexesha lokunqamka kombane, kwaye ilungelelanise i-BESS neejenereyitha, itransfoma, iswitshi-geyitha kunye nenkqubo yokhuseleko.
KRL Power’s 1 MW / 2 MWh all-in-one platform is a strong building block for this project. Battery, PCS, MPPT, BMS and EMS are integrated in one liquid-cooled 20-foot unit, so the new DC-coupled PV array does not require a separate PV inverter.
Iimfuno zabathengi nentsingiselo yobunjineli
| Ingeniso yoyilo | Idatha yabathengi | Inkcazelo yobunjineli |
|---|---|---|
| Umthwalo ophezulu wasemkhenikweni | 1,553 kW | Isiseko soqwalaselo lwasefektri epheleleyo |
| Umthwalo wokuqhawuka okunzulu | I-900 kW | Ifuna ibhasi enikezelweyo yomthwalo obalulekileyo. |
| Ixesha lokugcina ikopi | iiyure ezine | Kufuneka i-3.60 MWh yamandla e-AC asenethi. |
| I-PV ekhoyo | 200 kW Huawei, edityaniswe nge-AC | Ukuhambelana kweziqithi kufuneka kuqinisekiswe. |
| I-PV ecwangcisiweyo | 700 kW | Can use KRL’s integrated MPPT inputs |
| Ubonelelo lweenkonzo ezingundoqo | 33 kV, 50 Hz | Kufuna itransformer kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwe-MV/LV. |
| Iijenereyitha | 1,500 kVA yegesi + 50 kVA yedizili | Iyunithi yegesi yinkxaso-mveliso efanelekileyo. |
| Ukufakwa | Ngaphakathi | Kufuneka kuphononongwe isakhiwo, ukupholisa kunye nezokucima umlilo. |
Idatha yemveliso ye-KRL ehambelanayo enikezelweyo yale projekthi yile:
| Ipharamitha yemveliso ye-KRL | Ixabiso leprojekthi elivunyiweyo |
|---|---|
| Amandla ebhetri | 2 MWh ngeyunithi nganye |
| PCS eya macala omabini | 1 MW kwiyunithi nganye |
| I-MPPT edityanisiweyo | 960 kW, iingeni ezisibhozo |
| Indlela yokusebenza | Uqhagamshelwano kwigridi, ukuzimela kwigridi kunye notshintsho olugudileyo |
| Ukudityaniswa | BMS, PCS kunye ne-EMS |
| Uyilo lwemishini | Ikhontenela yeenyawo ezingama-20 epholisiweyo ngamanzi; indawo yokubeka ibhetri IP65 |
| Unxibelelwano | RS485, WiFi okanye 4G |
Eli nqaku lichaza isiphakamiso sobunjineli, hayi ufakelo olugqityiweyo. Ixesha lokugqibela lokusebenza, ubungakanani kunye ne-ROI zisekuxhomekeke kwiprofayile yemithwalo, umzobo womgca omnye wesiza, idatha ye-transformer, iphepha ledatha le-PV module kunye neemeko zegumbi elingaphakathi.
Uqinisekiso Lwamandla: Isizathu Sokuba i-4 MWh IbenguKhetho Lwe-Hybrid Lokugcina Amandla
Umthwalo obalulekileyo ufuna:
900 kW × 4 h = 3,600 kWh = 3.60 MWh AC
Oko kukamandla anikezelwa kwibhasi yemithwalo. Amandla ebhetri aqhelekileyo kufuneka asenokwanela ukugubungela i-SOC yomgcini, i-PCS kunye nokulahleka kwekhebula, izixhobo zokuncedisa ekupholiseni nasekulawuleni, iziphumo zamaqondo obushushu kunye nokuncipha komthamo kwixesha elizayo.
Ukuze wenze isibalo sokuqala sokuhlola, thatha i-90% njengefestile ye-SOC esebenzayo, i-94% njenge-efficiency yochungechunge lokukhupha, kunye ne-3% njengomthombo oncedisayo wokugcina. Ezi zizinto zocwangciso, azizizo iinani zewaranti yemveliso:
4.00 MWh × 0.90 × 0.94 × 0.97 ≈ 3.28 MWh AC
Kumthwalo ongaguqukiyo we-900 kW, i-3.28 MWh inika malunga neeyure ezi-3.65. Kungoko, iiyunithi ezimbini ze-2 MWh akufuneki zithengiswe njengesiqinisekiso esingenamiqathango seebhetri kuphela seeyure ezine. Zenza isisombululo esithembekileyo sezoqoqosho esihlangeneyo xa i-array ye-PV ye-700 kW, ijenereyitha yegesi ye-1,500 kVA okanye ukuncitshiswa komthwalo olawulwayo zibonelela ngamandla aseleyo kunye nendidi yokugcina yokusebenza.
Ukuba umthengi ufuna iiyure ezine ngaphandle kwe-PV nangaphandle koncedo lwejenereyitha, ikhontrakthi kufuneka ichaze ukuba iwaranti isebenza ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni kobomi bebhetri. Ucwangciso oluqhelekileyo lwe-6 MWh kufuneka luvavanywe kumthwalo oqinisekileyo wokuphela kobomi we-900 kW, ngokuxhomekeke kumandla okwenene aqinisekisiweyo asetyenziswayo kunye nokugqama kokugcinwa kwamandla.
Inketho 1: 2 MW / 4 MWh yomthwalo obaluleke kakhulu we-900 kW
Isisombululo esingabizi kakhulu sisebenzisa iiyunithi ezimbini ze-KRL 1 MW / 2 MWh ezipheleleyo ezisebenza ngokunxuseneyo. Le nkqubo idityanisiweyo ibonelela ngamandla e-PCS angama-2 MW, amandla aqikelelwa kwi-4 MWh kunye nomthamo we-MPPT edityanisiweyo we-1.92 MW.
Kufuneka ikhabhathi eyilweyo yokudibanisa i-AC yovoltage oluphantsi. Isiphumo ngasinye se-PCS sidinga i-breaker yaso, i-metering, i-isolation kunye nokhuseleko olulungelelanisiweyo phambi kokuba sidityaniswe kwi-bus ye-microgrid efanayo. Le yidibanisi yesiphumo se-AC, hayi i-inverter ye-PV yangaphandle okanye idibanisi ye-PV.
Umlinganiselo we-PCS we-2 MW unika indawo eyaneleyo engaphezulu komthwalo ozinzileyo we-900 kW, kodwa ukusebenza kokuqalisa imoto kusafuneka kuqinisekiswe. I-KRL idinga owona mlinganiselo mkhulu wemoto, idatha ye-VFD okanye ye-soft-starter, ixesha lokukhawulezisa, ukungena ngesiquphe kwe-transformer, ulandelelwano lokuqalisa kunye ne-curve yokugqithisa umthwalo ye-PCS.
Ekuqhubeni okuqhelekileyo, i-EMS igcina i-SOC yokulungiselela uxhaso olufunekayo ngelixa isebenzisa umthamo okhoyo ukunciphisa umthwalo ngexesha lencopho. Emva kokusilela kwegridi, isixhobo sokwenza isiqithi siwahlula ibhasi ebalulekileyo kwaye i-PCS ixhasa inethiwekhi eyenzelwe isiqithi. I-PV entsha iqala ngokuhlangabezana nemfuno yomthwalo ize itshaje ibhetri ngamandla agqithisileyo. Kwinqanaba lokuqalisa ijenereta ye-SOC, i-EMS ibiza ijenereta yegesi eyi-1,500 kVA ize ifake imida yokulayisha kunye nemida yamandla abuyayo. Ijenereyitha yedizili eyi-50 kVA ihlala ingumthombo oncedisayo kwaye ayinakukwazi ukuthwala ibhasi yokuvelisa. Olu cwangciso lusebenzisa ijenereyitha yegesi ekhoyo njengomda wokumelana nokuphazamiseka endaweni yokwandisa ngokugqithisileyo ibhetri ukuze ikwazi ukumelana nesiganeko esibi esenzeka ngamathub' athile.
Inketho yesi-2: 4 MW / 8 MWh yokugcina amandla kwifektri iphelele.
Iiyunithi ezine ze-KRL zibonelela nge-4 MW PCS yamandla kunye ne-8 MWh yamandla aqhelekileyo. Amandla atheoreti abafunwa yimthwalo yefektri ephezulu engange-1,553 kW yi:
1,553 kW × 4 h = 6.212 MWh AC
Usebenzisa lawo maqondo okucoca afanayo, i-8 MWh ibonelela malunga ne-6.56 MWh ye-AC ekuqaleni kobomi bayo, okanye malunga neeyure eziyi-4.23 kwi-1,553 kW. Kwi-80% umthamo ogciniweyo, oku kwehla kuye malunga ne-5.25 MWh okanye iiyure eziyi-3.38. Ngoko ke, isilayidi esiqinileyo sokuphela kobomi sidinga inkxaso ye-PV okanye yejenereyitha, ukucinywa komthwalo okulawulwayo, ukusebenza okuhlukileyo okuqinisekisiweyo, okanye uvavanyo lomthamo oqikelelwa kwi-10 MWh.
The preliminary 3.5–4.5-year payback must not be published as a guarantee. ROI should be calculated from tariffs, demand charges, fuel, outage hours, production losses, PV yield, CAPEX and operating strategy.
Ukudityaniswa kwe-PV ngaphandle kwe-inverter ye-PV yangaphandle
Inkqubo ye-PV ye-Huawei eyi-200 kW ekhoyo ihlala idityaniswe kwi-AC. Inokusebenza kwisiqithi esenziwe yibhetri kuphela ukuba imodeli yayo, i-firmware, useto lokuthintela ukuvela kwesiqithi, impendulo yevoltheji/ifrikhwensi, ulawulo lokunciphisa umbane kunye nemigaqo yokudibanisa kwakhona zihambelana nesilawuli se-KRL. Ide iqinisekiswe, akufuneki ibalwe njengemveliso yombane enoxinzelelo oluphezulu lokuphazamiseka.
The new 700 kW array connects directly to the KRL units’ integrated MPPT inputs. Although it is below one unit’s 960 kW MPPT rating, splitting strings across two units improves power sharing. Final design still requires module Voc, Vmp, Isc, temperature coefficients, MPPT limits and cable data. Variable PV can extend runtime but should not support a contractual autonomy guarantee without a conservative energy model.
400 V okanye 33 kV: Ukuvala umda wokudityaniswa
Kwi-400 V kunye ne-power factor enye, i-2 MW imalunga ne-2,887 A kwaye i-4 MW imalunga ne-5,774 A. Ibhasi ekhethekileyo ye-400 V yezinto ezibalulekileyo inokwenza lula i-backup, kodwa i-switchgear, iibhasi-bhasi, iintambo kunye ne-fault duty kufuneka zikwazi ukuxhasa ezi migangatho yombane.
Kudibaniso lwe-33 kV, i-PCS yomthamo ophantsi kufuneka ifake i-transformer yokunyusa umbane enomlinganiselo ochanekileyo kunye ne-switchgear ye-MV; akufuneki nanini na idibane ngokuthe ngqo kwi-33 kV. I-option ye-4 MW isenokufuna iinxalenye ze-LV ezahlulweyo okanye ii-transformer ezizimeleyo. Ukutshintshela okungenazihibe kusengumphumo wokumiselwa kwenkqubo okuxhomekeke kwisixhobo sokudlulisa, ukhuseleko, itransformer, izilawuli, iimoto kunye nokuhambelana kwe-PV.
Uphononongo loFakelo lwangaphakathi
I-IP65 ngokwayo ayivumeli i-BESS yeenyawo ezingama-20 ukuba isetyenziswe ngaphakathi. Uphononongo kufuneka luqinisekise ufikelelo lokuhambisa, umthwalo womgangatho, ukubotshelelwa, ulondolozo kunye neendawo ezikhululekileyo zikaxakeka, ukupholisa ngokwe-liquid nokukhupha ubushushu, ukufunyanwa komlilo nokucinywa kwawo, umngcipheko wegesi/wokugqabhuka, ukuhamba komoya, ukudibanisa nomhlaba, ukunqanda umlilo, ukumisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwahlula. Uyilo lokugqibela kufuneka lulandele iimfuno zaseBangladesh ngaphandle kokubanga isatifikethi esingenamaxwebhu.
Iinkcukacha Ezifunekayo Phambi KweSiphakamiso Sokugqibela
- Iintsuku ezisixhenxe zedatha yemizuzu eli-15 ye-kW, i-kVA, ifaktha yamandla kunye nomsinga we-phase.
- Uluhlu lomthwalo obalulekileyo, amanqanaba ezimoto kunye neendlela zokuqalisa.
- Indawo ye-SLD, isilinganiso/iqela levector yetransformer, isilinganiso sebhasi ye-LV kunye nenqanaba leziphene.
- Imodeli ye-inverter ye-Huawei, i-firmware kunye nezicwangciso zokhuseleko.
- Iphepha leenkcukacha lemodyuli ye-PV, ulwakhiwo kunye nemigama yezintambo.
- Imfuneko yokuzimela ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni kobomi kunye ne-SOC egciniweyo.
- Umlinganiselo wamandla okwenene wegenerator, idatha yegavuna/i-AVR kunye nemida yokusebenza.
- Imilinganiselo yegumbi, uyilo lweslabhu, ufikelelo, iimeko zokungqongileyo kunye nendlela yokukhupha ubushushu.
- Iibhilithi zombane, iirekhodi zokunqamka kombane kunye neendleko zamafutha kwimodeli ye-ROI.
Isiphelo sobunjineli
Iiyunithi ezimbini ze-KRL 1 MW / 2 MWh, i-AC combiner, i-700 kW ye-PV entsha edityaniswe nge-DC, i-200 kW ye-PV ye-AC esele ikho kunye nejeneretha yegesi ye-1,500 kVA zenza i-hybrid microgrid ekholelekayo ngokobuchwepheshe yomthwalo obaluleke kakhulu we-900 kW. Ukhetho lwe-4 MWh kufuneka luboniswe njengesisombululo esingumxube we-hybrid-backup esinengqiqo ngokwezoqoqosho, kunokuba ibe siqinisekiso seeyure ezine esingathintelwanga sebhetri kuphela.
Iiyunithi ezine ze-KRL zibonelela ngokhetho oluthembekileyo lwe-8 MWh ekuqaleni kobomi bebhetri ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nomthwalo wefektri ophezulu we-1,553 kW. Ukuvunywa kokugqibela kuxhomekeke ekuvavanyeni umahluko phakathi konxibelelwano lwe-400 V kunye nolwe-33 kV, ekuqinisekiseni indawo yangaphakathi, ekuvavanyeni ukungqinelana kwe-PV ekhoyo, nasekucaciseni ukuba ixesha lokusebenza liyabalwa na ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni kobomi bebhetri.
Phonononga KRL B2M6L 1–2 MW / 2–6 MWh product family, i Ipotifoliyo yeKRL yokugcinwa kwamandla kurhwebo nakwishishini, kwaye Qhagamshelana ne-KRL Power kunye neprofayili yemthwalo, i-SLD, idatha ye-transformer, idayatasheet ye-PV kunye nemizobo yegumbi.