Intshayelelo yeeZatifikethi zokuThunyelwa kweNkqubo yokuGcinwa kweMandla
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, ngexesha lengxoxo nomthengisi wasemzantsi, umntu othile wabuza umbuzo inkampani ezininzi kwishishini lokugcina amandla ekugqibeleni zijongana nawo:
“What certifications are required if we want to import residential energy storage systems from China?”
Xa uqala ukujonga, inkqubo yebhetri yasekhaya ibonakala ilula. Igcina umbane, ixhasa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga, kwaye ibonelela ngamandla oncedo. Nangona kunjalo, xa uqala ukulungiselela iimarike zamazwe ngamazwe, imeko iba nzima ngakumbi.
Iingingqi ezahlukeneyo zineenkqubo zolawulo ezahlukeneyo, imigangatho yokhuseleko, kunye neemfuno zothutho. Ngokwamava ethu okusebenza namaqabane amazwe ngamazwe kwa KRL Amandla, isatifikethi isoloko isinye sezona zithintelo zinkulu kubavelisi abangena kwiimarike zamanye amazwe.
Eli nqaku linika isishwankathelo esisebenzisekayo seenkqubo eziphambili zezatifikethi ezifunekayo xa kuthunyelwa phesheya iinkqubo zokugcina amandla zasekhaya.
Imfuno yeHlabathi yokuGcinwa kweMandla okuze kusetyenziswe kwizindlu
Ugcino lwamandla asekhaya luye lwaba ngomnye wamacandelo akhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwishishini lamandla ahlaziyekayo lehlabathi jikelele.
Izizathu ezingemva koku kukhula ziyahluka ngokwengingqi.
Kwi IYurophu neMntla Melika, amaxabiso aphezulu ombane sisizathu esikhulu. Amakhaya amaninzi afaka iiphaneli zelanga kunye neenkqubo zokugcina ibhetri ukuze zigcine amandla elanga emini aze azisebenzise xa amaxabiso ombane ephezulu kakhulu.
Kwi IMpuma-mpuma Asia kunye neenxalenye zase-Afrika, inkuthazo yahlukile. Owona mba uphambili kwezi ngingqi kukuthembeka kwegridi. Ukuphelelwa ngumbane kunye nokunikezelwa kombane okungazinzanga kwenza iinkqubo zebhetri zasekhaya zibe luncedo njengezisombululo zombane woxhaso.
Ngenxa yezi zicelo zahlukeneyo, imigangatho yokhuseleko kunye neemfuno zesiqinisekiso ziye zaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubavelisi.
Iinkqubo eziphambili zokuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwamandla agciniweyo
Kubavelisi baseTshayina, iimarike zaphesheya zibonisa elona thuba liphambili lokwandisa ugcino-amandla lwasekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, ukungena kwezi marike kufuna ukuthotyelwa kweenkqubo zokuqinisekisa eziqinileyo.
Ezona nkqubo zesiqinisekiso zixhaphakileyo ziquka:
| ummandla | Inkqubo yoqinisekiso |
|---|---|
| Amereka Ngasemantla | Isatifikethi se-UL |
| Yurophu | Isatifikethi se-CE |
| Ostreliya | Isatifikethi se-CEC |
| Japan | Isatifikethi se-JIS |
Ukongeza kwisiqinisekiso semveliso, iibhetri zokugcina amandla kufuneka zikwathobele Imigaqo yokhuseleko kwezothutho, ingakumbi xa ithunyelwa kumazwe ngamazwe.
Oku kuquka iimfuno ezifana nezi Iingxelo zovavanyo lwe-UN38.3 kunye novavanyo lokuthuthwa.
Isiqinisekiso se-UL seMarike yaseMntla Melika
Kwiinkampani ezingena Imarike yaseMelika okanye yaseKhanada, Isiqinisekiso se-UL siqhele ukuba yimfuneko.
Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokugcina amandla ezindlini esisebenze kuzo e KRL Amandla, imigangatho emithathu ye-UL ibonakala isoloko isetyenziswa kakhulu.
UL 9540 – Energy Storage System Safety
I-UL 9540 ivavanya ukhuseleko lonke lwenkqubo yokugcina amandla endaweni yamalungu ayo ngabanye. Oku kuquka ipakethe yebhetri, i-inverter, kunye nokudityaniswa kwenkqubo.
Uvavanyo lugxile kukhuseleko lumbane, ukuthembeka koomatshini, kunye nokuthembeka kokusingqongileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke inkqubo isebenza ngokukhuselekileyo phantsi kweemeko zokwenyani.
UL 9540A – Thermal Runaway and Fire Testing
UL 9540A igxile ngokukodwa kwi Iziganeko zokuphuma elugqithisweni ngenxa yobushushu kunye neengozi zokunwenwa komlilo.
Olu vavanyo luqwalasela indlela inkqubo yebhetri eziphatha ngayo phantsi kweemeko ezigqithisileyo zokushisa. Kuthathwa ingqalelo umgama wokufakela, uyilo lwezivamvo zomoya, kunye nezicwangciso zokuthintela umlilo.
Uyilo lolawulo lobushushu ludlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphumeleleni olu vavanyo.
UL 1973 – Lithium Battery Safety
I-UL 1973 igxile kwiinkqubo zeebhetri ze-lithium ezingashukumiyo ezisetyenziselwa ukugcinwa kwamandla.
Inkqubo yokuvavanya iquka ukuvavanywa kokutsha, iimvavanyo zokhuselo lokugcwala kakhulu, ukuvavanywa kokudischaja kakhulu, kunye nemilinganiso yokothuka lwamaqondo obushushu ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zebhetri zihlala zikhuselekile phantsi kweemeko ezigqithisileyo.
Isatifikethi se-CE seMarike yaseYurophu
Kwiinkampani ezithumela iinkqubo zokugcina amandla eYurophu, Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-CE kuyanyanzeleka.. Enyanisweni, ukuthotyelwa kwe-CE kubandakanya imigangatho eliqela yobuchwepheshe enxulumeneyo.
IEC / EN 62619 – Battery Safety
Lo mgangatho ugxile kukhuseleko lwebhetri yelithiyam kwaye uquka iimvavanyo ezifana nezi:
- Uvavanyo lwangaphandle lomjikelo omfutshane
- Uvavanyo lwempembelelo
- Uvavanyo lokuwela
- Uvavanyo lokuxhatshazwa ngobushushu
- Uvavanyo lokuhlawulisa ngaphezulu
- Uvavanyo lokukhutshelwa ngenkani
Umgangatho ukwavavanya i inkqubo yolawulo lwebhetri (BMS), kuquka imisebenzi yokhuseleko kumandla ombane agqithisileyo, umsinga ogqithisileyo, kunye nolawulo lobushushu.
IEC / EN 62477 and IEC / EN 62109 – PCS Safety
La maqondo asebenza kwi iinkqubo zoguqulo lwamandla (PCS) Isetyenziswa kwizakhiwo zokugcina amandla.
Bavavanya ukhuseleko kwisichotho sombane, kwiingozi zomlilo, kwiingozi zokushisa, kwiingozi zoomatshini, kunye nokhuseleko lokusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo.
VDE 2510 – German Market Standard
IGermany inentengiso yokugcina ekhaya enye yeziphucuke kakhulu eYurophu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, isatifikethi esongezelelweyo esifana ne VDE 2510 Kudla ngokufuneka.
Lo mgangatho uquka iindawo ezibandakanya ukhuseleko lwebhetri, ukungqinelana kwe-electromagnetic, ukhuseleko lofakelo, kunye neemfuno zokudityaniswa kwinethiwekhi yombane.
Isatifikethi soThutho lweeBhetri zeLithium
Ukongeza kwisiqinisekiso semveliso, iibhetri zeli-lithium ezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla kufuneka zithobele imigaqo yokhuseleko ephathelene nokuthuthwa.
Uvavanyo lweBhetri yeLithium lwe-UN38.3
I-UN38.3 ngumgangatho wokhuseleko owaziwayo kwihlabathi jikelele wokuthuthwa kweebhetri zeli-thiyam.
Uvavanyo lubandakanya ukulinganisa ukuphakama, ukutshintsha kobushushu, uvavanyo lweentshukumo, uvavanyo lweengxakeko, iimvavanyo zangaphandle zomjikelo omfutshane, iimvavanyo zokutshaja ngokugqithisileyo, kunye novavanyo lokukhupha umbane ngenkani.
Ezi nkqubo ziqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri zeli-lithium zihlala zikhuselekile ngexesha lokuthuthwa ngomoya, ngelwandle, okanye ngomhlaba.
Iingxelo Zovavanyo Lwezothutho Zomoya Nezaselwandle
Kwiimveliso zebhetri ezithunyelwa zisuka kwilizwe laseTshayina, iingxelo zovavanyo lwezothutho kufuneka zikhutshwe yi amaziko ovavanyo lweempahla eziyingozi agunyazisiweyo, avunyiweyo yi-Civil Aviation Administration yaseTshayina (CAAC).
Ezi ngxelo ziqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zebhetri ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko kwezothutho ngenqwelomoya nangolwandle.
Isifundo Esisebenzayo Esivela kwiProjekthi yamandla ye-KRL
Ngethuba leprojekthi yokuthumela iimpahla phesheya esasisebenza kuyo kunyaka ophelileyo, ekuqaleni sasiqikelela ukuba iimodyuli zebhetri ziya kuphumelela lula kuvavanyo lokuqinisekisa.
Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lovavanyo lobushushu, inkqubo ayiphumelelanga kuvavanyo lokuqala.
Okunika umdla kukuba, iiseli zebhetri ngokwazo bezingeyiyo ingxaki. Ingxaki ibinxulumene ne uyilo lokuhamba komoya ngaphakathi kwesingxobo sebhetri.
Emva kokulungiswa kwesakhiwo sokungenisa umoya nokuphuculwa kweendlela zokukhulula ubushushu, inkqubo iphumelele ngempumelelo kuvavanyo lokhuseleko lobushushu.
Amava anje abonisa ukuba isiqinisekiso asiyondlela nje yokulungisa amaxwebhu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimfuno zesatifikethi zibe nefuthe kwi uyilo lobunjineli lwenkqubo iphela.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (FAQ)
Zeziphi izatifikethi ezifunekayo ukuze kuthunyelwe ngaphandle iinkqubo zokugcina amandla zasekhaya?
Iimarike ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe zifuna isatifikethi se-UL saseMntla Melika, isatifikethi se-CE saseYurophu, kunye novavanyo lwe-UN38.3 lokuthuthwa kwebhetri.
Ngokwesiqhelo, isiqinisekiso se-UL sithatha ixesha elingakanani?
Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zeebhetri zasekhaya, inkqubo yokuqinisekisa idla ngokuthatha malunga iiveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezisibhozo, kuxhomekeke kubunzima besixokelelwano.
Ingaba isiqinisekiso se-CE sanele kwimarike yaseYurophu?
Kwamanye amazwe, kusenokufuneka neziqinisekiso ezongezelelweyo, ezifana nemigangatho ye-VDE.
Kutheni kuvavanyo lwe-UN38.3 luyimfuneko?
I-UN38.3 iqinisekisa ukuba iibhetri zeli-lithium zinokuthuthwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngeendlela zothutho zamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka ezomoya, ezolwandle, nezomhlaba.
Ukuthumela ngaphandle iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ezindlini kudinga lukhulu ngaphezu kokuvelisa izixhobo zeebhetri ezithembekileyo. Iinkampani kufuneka zikwazi neenkqubo zamazwe ngamazwe zokuqinisekisa, imigaqo yokhuseleko, kunye neemfuno zothutho.
Ngokwamava ethu e KRL Amandla, Abavelisi abadibanisa ucwangciso lwezatifikethi kumanqanaba okuqala oyilo lwemveliso bayakwazi ukungena kwiimarike zehlabathi ngempumelelo engakumbi.
Njengoko ugcino-amandla lwasekhaya luqhubeka nokwanda kwihlabathi jikelele, ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo kunye nokhuseleko ziya kuhlala ziyizinto ezibalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yexesha elide.