Kumzi-mveliso, iindleko zokuphazamiseka kombane zigqitha kwidizili esetyenziswa emva koko. Umatshini wemveliso omileyo unokuthetha imveliso elahlekileyo, iibhetshi eziphazamisekileyo, ukuqaliswa kwakhona ngesandla nokulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa. Amandla elanga aseluphahleni anciphisa ukusetyenziswa kombane wegridi emini, kodwa inkqubo ye-PV esele iqhagamshelwe kwigridi ayigcini imveliso iqhubeka ngokuzenzekelayo xa umbane ucimile.
Indlela ecetywayo yi-KRL Power kukudibanisa ugcino lwamandla ngeebhetri nelanga esele likho kumzi-mveliso, unikezelo lombane womboneleli kunye nejenereyitha yedizili. Ugcino lwamandla luxhasa imithwalo evunyiweyo ngexesha leziphazamiso; inkqubo yolawulo lwamandla ilungelelanisa umbane ofumanekayo; kwaye ijenereyitha ihlala ifumaneka xa ukucima kombane kuthatha ixesha elide.
Eli nqaku lihlola ulungelelwaniso oluthathu lokuqala lweemizi-mveliso zaseBangladesh ezineemfuno zomthwalo ezimalunga ne-250 kW, 500 kW ne-1 MW. Injongo kukukhetha utyalo-mali olufanelekileyo kwinkqubo yemveliso, kunokuba kuthengwe umthamo webhetri ngaphandle kwesicwangciso esicacileyo sokusebenza.
Phucula inkqubo yombane osele ungumnini wayo
Iinkcazelo zeeprojekthi ezinikiweyo zichaza imizi-mveliso ye-415 V, 50 Hz ene-PV esele ikhona, iijenereyitha neeswitshi zokutshintsha ezenzekelayo. Isicelo se-250 kW siquka i-350 kWp yelanga elidityaniswe nge-AC kunye nejenereyitha ye-750 kVA. Inkcazelo yomthwalo omkhulu ichonga ijenereyitha ye-1.2 MW kunye nezinye iimeko zomthwalo ze-500 kW okanye i-1 MW.
Ezi ziimeko ezahlukileyo zokumisela ubungakanani, kungekhona ufakelo olunye oludibeneyo lomzi-mveliso.
Jonga Izisombululo ze-KRL zokugcinwa kwamandla kwezorhwebo nezoshishino njengendlela yokudibanisa. Inzuzo ecetywayo kukugcina ii-asethi ezikhoyo ezifanelekileyo ngelixa kusongezwa amandla alawulekayo ombane ongowokuncedisa kunye nesicwangciso sokusebenza esilungelelanisiweyo.
Ulungelelwaniso oluthathu, izigqibo ezintathu zokuthenga
| Imfuneko yefektri | Ulungelelwaniso lokuqala lwezixhobo | Amandla ebhetri | Eyona nto iphambili ekukhetheni |
|---|---|---|---|
| Malunga ne-250 kW, kuquka iinjini | I-inverter enye edibeneyo ye-335 kW namaqela amabini eebhetri, ngalinye elimalunga ne-241 kWh | Malunga ne-481–482 kWh, kuxhomekeke kwi-BOM yokugqibela | Qinisekisa amandla emveliso yebhetri nokuqaliswa kweenjini |
| Malunga ne-500 kW | Inkqubo enye efakwe kwisikhongozeli ye-500 kW / 1,028 kWh | Umthamo obhaliweyo oyi-1,028 kWh | Qinisekisa imfuno ebalulekileyo nexesha lokusebenza elifunekayo |
| Malunga ne-1 MW | Iinkqubo ezimbini ze-500 kW / 1,028 kWh | Umthamo obhaliweyo oyi-2,056 kWh | Qinisekisa ulawulo lokusebenza ngokunxuseneyo, izixhobo zokutshintsha umbane nokwabelana ngomthwalo |
Ezi ndlela zolungelelwaniso zisekelwe kwiishedyuli zeeprojekthi ezinikiweyo. Zizikhetho ezilungiselelwe iprojekthi ethile kwisiphakamiso se-KRL Power, kungekhona ibango lokuba iikhowudi zazo zokuqala zezixhobo ziimodeli eziqhelekileyo kwikhathalogu ye-KRL. Ikowuteshini yokugqibela kufuneka ichonge umboneleli, imodeli, amacandelo aqukiweyo noxanduva lwewaranti.
Uluhlu lweemveliso zogcino lwamandla ezifakwe kwizikhongozeli ze-KRL lubonelela ngesikhokelo esinxulumeneyo sokuthenga, kodwa imilinganiselo yalo yekhathalogu mayingathathi indawo yezixhobo ze-1,028 kWh ezilungiselelwe iprojekthi ethile ngaphandle kwemvume.
Kutheni imeko ye-250 kW ifuna ngaphezu kwe-inverter ye-335 kW
Umzi-mveliso omncinane uquka izixhobo zokupholisa umoya, iinjini neempompo zamanzi. Ukukhetha i-inverter engaphezu komthwalo ochaziweyo sisiqalo esinengqiqo, kodwa amandla emveliso yebhetri kufuneka ayixhase.
Ishedyuli yebhetri ichaza elona zinga liphezulu lokutshaja/lokukhupha amandla eliyi-0.5C. Xa lisetyenziswa ngokuqikelela kwi-481–482 kWh, libonisa malunga ne-240–241 kW yamandla abhalwe kwi-DC ngaphambi kwelahleko yokuguqulwa. Oku akumiseli i-250 kW yemveliso ye-AC eqhubekayo evela kwibhetri kuphela.
Ngoko ke uyilo lokugqibela kufuneka luvavanye umthamo owongezelelekileyo webhetri, ukhetho lwebhetri olunamandla emveliso aphezulu aqinisekisiweyo, iqela elincinane lemithwalo ekhuselweyo okanye inkxaso yejenereyitha elungelelanisiweyo. Uncedo lwelanga luluncedo xa lufumaneka, kodwa akufuneki luthathwe njengolukhoyo xa kuqinisekiswa umbane ongowokuncedisa ebusuku.
Ukuqalisa iinjini nako kufuna uhlolo olwahlukileyo. Ishedyuli ye-inverter idwelisa umthwalo ogqithisileyo ophindwe ka-1.5 kangangeemillisecond ezingama-200 kwimowudi ye-VSG; oku akubobungqina bokuba injini nganye inokuqalisa. Fumana imilinganiselo yeenjini, iindlela zokuqalisa nokwehla kwevoltheji okwamkelekileyo. Iziqalisi ezithambileyo, iidrayivu zefrikhwensi eguquguqukayo nokuqalisa kwakhona ngokwamanqanaba kunokunciphisa incopho efunekayo.
Chaza umbane ongowokuncedisa weeyure ezimbini njengamandla ahanjisiweyo
Ulungelelwaniso olukhulu lunomthamo wamandla obhaliweyo olingana neeyure ezimalunga nezimbini xa uthelekiswa namandla emveliso abhaliweyo. Ixesha lokuzimela lokwenene lixhomekeke kwi-SOC yokuqala, kuluhlu lwe-SOC olunokusetyenziswa, kwilahleko yokuguqulwa, kwimfuno yezixhobo ezincedisayo nakwimeko yebhetri.
Njengomzekelo, masicinge ukuba kukho uluhlu lwamandla anokusetyenziswa oluyi-90% nokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa ngexesha lokukhupha amandla okuyi-95%:
| Uqwalaselo | Amandla e-AC afumanekayo angumzekelo | Ixesha lokusebenza kumthwalo opheleleyo ochaziweyo |
|---|---|---|
| 500 kW / 1,028 kWh | 1,028 × 0.90 × 0.95 = 879 kWh | Malunga neeyure ezi-1.76 |
| 1 MW / 2,056 kWh | 2,056 × 0.90 × 0.95 = 1,758 kWh | Malunga neeyure ezi-1.76 |
Olu balo aluquki izixhobo ezincedisayo nokuguga, kwaye alusosiqinisekiso sokusebenza. Umthwalo we-500 kW ofuna iiyure ezimbini ufuna i-1,000 kWh ehanjiswe kumthwalo we-AC. Phantsi kweengqikelelo ezifanayo, imfuno yomthamo webhetri obhaliweyo imalunga ne-1,170 kWh ngaphambi kwemida eyongezelelekileyo. Kwi-1 MW, imalunga ne-2,340 kWh.
Kungenjalo, i-1,028 kWh inokuxhasa umthwalo ophakathi we-400 kW kangangeeyure ezimalunga ne-2.20 phantsi kwezo ngqikelelo. Yiyo loo nto ukulinganisa umthwalo okhuselweyo kunokuphucula kokubini ukuthembeka nokusetyenziswa kakuhle kohlahlo-lwabiwo-mali. Isikhokelo se-KRL sokukhetha ugcino lwamandla lorhwebo sibonelela ngesakhelo esibanzi sokuthelekisa iimfuno zamandla emveliso, zamandla agciniweyo nezokudityaniswa.
Gcina ilanga elikhoyo elidityaniswe nge-AC lisebenza nenkqubo entsha
Izicelo zichonga i-PV ekhoyo edityaniswe nge-AC. Isiphakamiso esisisiseko kufuneka sigcine ii-inverter zelanga ezifanelekileyo size sizilungelelanise ne-PCS yebhetri nezilawuli zesiza.
Xa unikezelo lombane lomboneleli lucimile, i-PCS kufuneka iseke inkqubo ezimeleyo ezinzileyo ngaphambi kokuba i-PV ehambelanayo ithathe inxaxheba. Kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuhambelana kwe-inverter ye-PV nokusebenza ngaphandle kwegridi, ixesha lokuphinda iqhagamshele nojonganiso lokunciphisa imveliso. Ugcino lwamandla ngeebhetri lulodwa alwenzi yonke i-inverter eqhagamshelwe kwigridi ilungele igridi encinci esebenza ngokuzimeleyo.
I-DC MPPT edityanisiweyo efumaneka ngokuzikhethela lukhetho olwahlukileyo loyilo lwemitya emitsha ye-PV ehambelanayo. Mayingabhidaniswa neqela leepaneli elikhoyo elidityaniswe nge-AC okanye ichazwe njengesixhobo esiqhelekileyo xa i-BOM yokugqibela iyidwelisa njengokhetho.
Kufakelo lwe-350 kWp, iiyure ezi-3.7 ezilinganayo zokuvelisa umbane ezikwinkcazelo zibonisa malunga ne-1,295 kWh ngosuku ukuba elo nani limele imveliso yemihla ngemihla ehanjisiweyo. Ukuba yingqikelelo yemitha yelanga, ilahleko yenkqubo kusafuneka ifakwe kubalo. Kuzo zombini iimeko, ukusetyenziswa komzi-mveliso emini kuza kuqala: yonke imveliso ye-PV ayifani namandla afumanekayo okuphinda kutshajwe ibhetri.
Ukusebenza kwe-EMS: Ukusuka kwimveliso eqhelekileyo ukuya ekucimeni kombane ixesha elide
Uxwebhu lokusebenza luchaza ukubekwa kwelanga kuqala, uncedo logcino lwamandla, inkxaso yonikezelo lombane lomboneleli nedizili yombane ongowokuncedisa kwiimeko zikaxakeka. Kumzi-mveliso ojolise kumbane ongowokuncedisa, olo landelelwano kufuneka luphunyezwe ngomthamo obekelwe bucala nokhuselweyo kunokuba kukhutshwe amandla ebhetri ngaphandle komda.
| Imeko yokusebenza | Injongo yolawulo ecetywayo |
|---|---|
| Unikezelo lombane lomboneleli lusebenza kakuhle | Sebenzisa ilanga, lawula ukutshajwa kwebhetri uze ugcine umthamo ovunyelwene ngawo obekelwe ukucima kombane |
| Unikezelo lombane lomboneleli aluqhelekanga | Yahlula igridi uze uxhase ibhasi yemithwalo ebalulekileyo evunyiweyo |
| Ukucima kombane ixesha elide | Sebenzisa i-PV ehambelanayo nogcino lwamandla ngelixa ubeka iliso kumandla agciniweyo nakumandla emveliso abekelwe bucala |
| Umthamo obekelwe bucala usondela kowona mda usezantsi | Qalisa ijenereyitha kwangethuba ukuze kugqitywe utshintsho oluqinisekisiweyo |
| Unikezelo lombane lomboneleli lubuyile | Qinisekisa iimeko zegridi ezizinzileyo, gqiba ulandelelwano lotshintsho oluvunyiweyo uze uphinde utshaje umthamo obekelwe bucala |
Umda wokuqalisa ijenereyitha kufuneka ngokuqhelekileyo ube ngaphezu komda wokugqibela wokukhupha amandla ebhetri. Ukulinda de ukukhutshwa kwamandla kume kunokushiya umthwalo ungenankxaso ngexesha lokuqalisa nokuqhagamshela ijenereyitha.
Ukudityaniswa kwejenereyitha nako kufuna isivumelwano esicacileyo. Inkcazelo yokusebenza enikiweyo iquka kokubini ukuvalwa kwesaphuli sesekethe ngesandla nokudityaniswa okuzenzekelayo. Ngoko ke isisombululo esizenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo sifuna izixhobo ze-ATS okanye zolungelelaniso olungqameneyo eziqinisekisiweyo, izithinteli zokhuseleko kunye novavanyo lokumiselwa kokusebenza; umqondiso wokuqalisa ngokuzenzekelayo uwodwa awonelanga.
Ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kufuneka kukhusele izixhobo zemveliso zokwenene
Iishedyuli zokuqala zidwelisa ukutshintsha ngaphantsi kweemillisecond ezingama-20. Oku kuthathe njengomlinganiselo wezixhobo ekufuneka uqinisekiswe kufakelo olupheleleyo, kungekhona isithembiso esingenamiqathango sokungaphazamiseki.
Isilawuli semveliso, i-contactor okanye isixhobo se-elektroniki esibuthathaka sinokusabela ngokwahlukileyo kumthwalo wovavanyo we-resistive. Ngoko ke uvavanyo lokwamkelwa kufuneka lubandakanye izixhobo ezimele imveliso kunye neyona meko yokusebenza inzima evunyelwene ngayo.
Qinisekisa ukuhambelana ne-415 V kwiimowudi zombini zokuqhagamshelwa kwigridi nokusebenza ngaphandle kwayo. Ishedyuli yesikhongozeli idwelisa uluhlu lwevoltheji yegridi olubandakanya i-415 V, kodwa inika i-400 V njengemveliso yayo ebhaliweyo xa isebenza ngaphandle kwegridi. Ngokunjalo, i-kVA yejenereyitha mayingaphathwa njengento enokutshintshaniswa ne-kW.
Uyilo lwezikhongozeli ezibini lukwafuna ukusebenza ngokunxuseneyo okulungelelanisiweyo nojonganiso ekwabelwana ngalo olunomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo. Iipleyiti ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zemilinganiselo azimiseli ngokwazo igridi encinci epheleleyo ye-1 MW.
Yakha isizathu sotyalo-mali ngokusekelwe kukonga okunokulinganiswa
Ugcino lwamandla lunokudala ixabiso ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kwedizili, ngokusebenzisa ngcono ilanga elikhoyo, ngokunciphisa ukuqaliswa kwakhona okuphazamisayo nangolawulo lwamandla olusekelwe kwiintlawulo apho kufanelekile.
Ubalo olusebenzisekayo luthi:
Inzuzo yonyaka eseleyo = iindleko zedizili eziphetshiweyo + ixabiso elongezelelweyo lelanga + ukonga umbane okuqinisekisiweyo + ukonga ngenxa yokuphepha ukungasebenzi okunokuthethelelwa − iindleko zokusebenza ezongeziweyo.
Kuphephe ukubala kabini amandla afanayo athathelwe indawo. Sebenzisa iirekhodi zesibaso sejenereyitha, iiprofayili zomthwalo, iintlawulo, imbali yokucima kombane neendleko zolondolozo. Bandakanya ilahleko yokutshaja, ukugcinwa kwezixhobo neengqikelelo zokutshintshwa kwebhetri ekugqibeleni.
Ukuncitshiswa kwexesha lokusebenza kwedizili nge-30%–50% okukwintetho akusosiphumo esilinganisiweyo sezi ziza. Ukuncipha okunokufikelelwa kufuna uvavanyo lwesicwangciso sokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yombane ngemodeli nesiseko ekuvunyelwene ngaso. Isikhokelo se-KRL sokubala i-ROI yogcino lwamandla lorhwebo sinokunceda ekumiseleni indlela yothelekiso ngaphambi kokuvunywa kotyalo-mali.
Ukhuseleko, ufakelo nomda ocacileyo wonikezelo
Iishedyuli ezineenkcukacha zezixhobo zichaza i-IP54 kwiindibanisela ezidwelisiweyo. Ulungelelwaniso oluncinane lweebhetri lupholiswa ngomoya. Musa ukufaka amabango aqhelekileyo e-IP66 okanye okupholisa ngolwelo endaweni yezi nkcukacha zeprojekthi.
Qinisekisa ukuhamba komoya, ukuncitshiswa kwamandla ngenxa yobushushu bomoya, ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi, umngcipheko wezikhukula, umthamo wesiseko, ukufikeleleka kulondolozo nokhuseleko lomlilo. Ishedyuli yezixhobo ezinkulu inika ubude besikhongozeli obumalunga neemitha ezili-12.2; oku akufuneki kucatshulwe njengeyunithi yeenyawo ezingama-20.
Cela iziqinisekiso, amaxwebhu ezothutho neengxelo zovavanyo ezisebenza kwiimodeli zokwenene ezibonelelweyo. Amanani obomi bemijikelo axhomekeke kwiimeko zovavanyo kwaye awalingani newaranti engenamiqathango yobomi benkonzo.
Uluhlu lokuqala lwezixhobo aluzibandakanyi iintambo zokuqhagamshela kwisiza. Isiphakamiso sorhwebo kufuneka sichonge ngokwahlukeneyo iintambo, izixhobo zokutshintsha umbane, imisebenzi yolwakhiwo, ukhuseleko, ufakelo, ukumiselwa kokusebenza, uqeqesho, iinxalenye zokutshintsha nenkxaso yewaranti. Umda ocacileyo wonikezelo unceda umthengi ukuba athelekise izisombululo ezifakelwe ngokupheleleyo kunamaxabiso ezixhobo angaphelelanga.
Kutheni uxoxa ngale projekthi ne-KRL Power?
Ixabiso le-KRL kwesi sicelo kufuneka liboniswe ngesiphakamiso esilungelelanisiweyo: ibhetri, i-PCS, ulungelelwaniso lotshintsho, i-PV ekhoyo nejenereyitha kufuneka zisebenze njengenkqubo enye.
Cela ingcebiso yezixhobo esekelwe kumthwalo, umzobo womgca omnye ekuvunyelwene ngawo, ulandelelwano lokusebenza nemilinganiselo yokwamkelwa enokulinganiswa. Ezo zinto zinikezelwayo ziguqula ukhetho lokuqala lomthamo lube sisigqibo sokuthenga esinokuvavanywa ngumzi-mveliso.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
Ngaba inkqubo ingaphinda isebenzise ilanga lethu elikhoyo eliseluphahleni?
Ngaba i-1,028 kWh iqinisekisa iiyure ezimbini kwi-500 kW?
Ngaba i-inverter ye-335 kW yanele kumthwalo weenjini we-250 kW?
Ngaba ijenereyitha iza kuqalisa ize iqhagamshele ngokuzenzekelayo?
Ngaba sinokuqala ngenkqubo ye-500 kW size sandise kamva?
Ingakanani idizili esiza kuyonga?
Ngaba olu lungelelwaniso ziimveliso eziqhelekileyo zekhathalogu?
Loluphi ulwazi olufunekayo kwikowuteshini echanekileyo?
Cela ulungelelwaniso olulungiselelwe umzi-mveliso wakho
Qala ngemithwalo yemveliso ongenakukwazi ukuyilahla. Cela isiphakamiso se-KRL sombane ongowokuncedisa womzi-mveliso uze uquke ityala lakho lombane, imizobo ekhoyo yombane noluhlu lwemithwalo ebalulekileyo. Cela ngaxeshanye ulungelelwaniso olucetyiswayo, isiseko samandla ahanjisiweyo, umda wokudityaniswa nekowuteshini yorhwebo, ukuze isigqibo sokuthenga sibonise yonke inkqubo esebenzayo.
Isiseko sobunjineli: iintetho ezimbini zokuqala zeeprojekthi ezinikiweyo zika-Oktobha 2026 nenkcazelo enikiweyo yeemeko zokusebenza. Olu luhlalutyo lokusetyenziswa olucetywayo, kungekhona uphononongo lwemeko esele imiselwe ukusebenza. Ubalo yimizekelo; ukusebenza kokugqibela kufuna ishedyuli yezixhobo evunyiweyo novavanyo lokwamkelwa.